Multi-Layered Security Frameworks for Safeguarding Critical Infrastructures in Cyber-Physical and Cloud-Native Systems

Abstract

The rapid integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) with cloud-native technologies has transformed critical infrastructures—such as power grids, transportation, and healthcare—into highly dynamic, interconnected environments. However, this digital convergence has also expanded the attack surface, necessitating robust, adaptive, and multi-layered security frameworks. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach to securing such systems by evaluating and integrating security at multiple layers: physical, network, application, and data. Drawing upon literature and recent advancements, we discuss threats, existing models, and the evolution of security paradigms in CPS and cloud-native architectures. The paper emphasizes resilience, zero-trust models, and AI-driven anomaly detection as crucial components in future-ready security infrastructures.